开放准入秩序与我国内资企业创新活动——基于动态面板模型的经验分析

本文将我国民营企业发展、国有企业产权制度改革、外商直接投资的扩大、内资企业参与全球分工的深化纳入到诺思的开放准入秩序的分析框架,运用动态面板数据模型进行检验得出:非国有经济的发展、内资企业参与国际分工以及外资企业的研发活动对内资企业的创新活动产生了激励作用,但强度不大;而在民营经济发达地区,通过提高非国有经济占比来增加创新激励的效果已不明显,但参与国际分工与外资企业的研发活动产生的作用均有所加强。     

Physical Activity of Remote Indigenous Australian Women: A Postcolonial Analysis of Lifestyle

In the context of rising chronic diseases amongst Indigenous peoples, there are calls for the adoption of more healthy “lifestyles.” In this context, this paper explores thoughts about physical activity from 21 Indigenous families through the voices of women and girls living in remote rural communities in the Torres Strait and Northern Peninsula Area, Australia. Speaking back to physical activity as a lifestyle “choice,” three consistent themes emerged: shame, gendered positioning, and welfarism. In conclusion, the perspectives of Torres Strait islanders and Northern Peninsula Area communities suggest that there are deeply embedded ways of thinking about the body, familial obligations, and the provision of and access to being active that are not consistent with Western health policies predicated upon individuals shouldering responsibility for “taking exercise.”     

Using CRM to Manage Marketing Productivity

Abstract

The appropriate tool for measuring and managing marketing productivity is the present value of the total dollar contribution produced, divided by the total dollar value of the marketing effort expended to produce it. This ratio is referred to as the contribution return on marketing effort or CRM ratio. CRM integrated with activity based costing (ABC) and activity based management (ABM) systems, value analysis and value engineering (VA-VE) techniques offer a viable and practical foundation for managing customer relationship efforts and linking them to customer- and share holder value. The article offers a systematic approach for integrating contribution return on marketing (CRM) with customer relationship management (CRM).     

Outdoor recreation participation and views on resource development and preservation

Abstract

Views on the preservation of resources versus their development for recreation are compared among participants in three types of outdoor recreation: “appreciative”; activities (cross‐country skiing, hiking, and canoeing); “consumptive”; activities (fishing and hunting); and “mechanized”; activities (motorboating, snowmo‐biling, and trail biking). The results from a 1984 questionnaire survey conducted in Edmonton and Calgary, Canada, indicate a stronger preservationist orientation among participants in appreciative activities, whereas (with the exception of hunters) participants in consumptive and mechanized activities hold stronger pro‐development views. These differences cannot be attributed to simultaneous variations in socioeco‐nomic characteristics or environmental attitudes among the recreational groups. The findings suggest that differences in outdoor recreational activity preferences represent an important source of variation in views about appropriate levels of preservation versus development of Alberta's natural and wildernesss resources.     

贪心算法求解最少资源问题的探讨

面对资源的日益紧缺,如何有效合理的利用资源一直是专家学者研究和探讨的热点问题。最少资源问题是对初步资源规划问题的探讨,可以为多个资源组合规划问题的基础研究提供有效的参考作用。传统的回溯法穷举虽然能找到最少资源问题的最优解但其时间复杂度会高于o(n!),往往耗时太多,不能满足问题的及时性。提出了一种以最早开始时间为贪心策略的求解最少资源问题的贪心算法,不仅能够找到最优解,而且其时间复杂度仅为o(n2),极大提高了算法的效率。     

Time Changes for Lévy Processes

The goal of this paper is to consider pure jump Lévy processes of finite variation with an infinite arrival rate of jumps as models for the logarithm of asset prices. These processes may be written as time-changed Brownian motion. We exhibit the explicit time change for each of a wide class of Lévy processes and show that the time change is a weighted price move measure of time. Additionally, we present a number of Lévy processes that are analytically tractable, in their characteristic functions and Lévy densities, and hence are relevant for option pricing.     

浅议作业成本计算和作业基础管理的应用

在分析了 ABC和 ABM在国外应用的前提下 ,以探讨 ABC和 ABM成长发展的客观环境为切入点 ,结合我国的现状 ,研究了作业成本制在我国的应用前景和应用思路。     

Aquatic resources and recreation behavior

While substantial effort has been undertaken to understand the consequences of industrial and agricultural uses for the environment, concern has also been expressed about its other uses, including recreation. Little is known about the relationship between recreational behavior and an environmental resource base. The present paper focuses upon participation in a specific outdoor recreation activity or activity‐cluster and dominant resource base where participation occurs. Resource bases identified were river, lake, ocean, swamp/marsh, forest/mountain, range/ farm and city/town. Emphasis is placed upon aquatic environs and participation in water‐based recreation. Water activities constituted from 14–30 percent of all outdoor activities taking place at those resource bases identified. Aquatic environments provided the resource base for 38 percent of all recreation participation events, water‐ and non‐water based, occurring during one reporting period. While participation in water‐based activities requires a water resource, the array of participation patterns reported suggests that resource bases defined as recreation places provide a wide range of opportunities for non‐resource‐dependent recreation activities. One conclusion is that resource bases cannot be distinguished by the recreation activities occurring on them. Resource bases in fact facilitate a wide range of recreation activities, some holding little direct connection with the resource base, nor are the conditions of the resource sufficient to predict behavioral outcomes.     

The relationships between stress,health, and physically active leisure as a function of life‐cycle

This article examines relationships between stress, health, and participation in physically active leisure using data collected as part of the 1985 and 1990 U.S. National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS). In particular, the article analyzes: (a) the effects of life‐cycle progression (controlled for gender) on subjectively perceived stress and self‐reported health; (b) the role of physically active leisure in enhancing health or buffering adverse health outcomes of stress; and (c) the effects of selected social‐economic factors, such as education and income, on the relationships between life‐cycle, stress, health, and physically active leisure. According to our analyses: (1) stress is unevenly distributed across the life span; (2) stress‐reducing effects of physically active leisure are present among retired older people more so than in the middle‐aged life‐cycle groups; and (3) direct health‐enhancing effects of participation in physically active leisure are more evident than the buffering effects of leisure on stress‐health relationships. A critical discussion of methodological and substantive issues facing researchers interested in the relationships between leisure, stress, and health is provided.     

Process,goal, and social interaction differences in recreation: What makes an activity substitutable

Abstract

In the present study two recreational activities, deer hunting and goose hunting, both similar in form, are compared. The study shows that the activity with the fewest perceived substitutes, deer hunting, also showed higher mean ratings on items measuring the importance of various elements of the experience, such as the process of participation, the goal of the activity, and the social interaction that accompanies the activity by the participants. Deer hunters also reported greater participation in the activity by peers and were more likely to be introduced to the activity by a family member. It is argued that these differences in the importance of the elements of the experiences influence the perceived substitutability of a recreational activity.